Autor: Dingo
lunes, 18 de diciembre de 2006
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ADN mitocondrial de los iberos prerromanos
El estudio tiene algo más de una año, pero me parece de interés para celtiberia.net porque no se publican todos los días estudios sobre genética de poblaciones prerromanas de la península ibérica. En primer lugar copio el resumen, en inglés, del estudio. A continuación un fragmento que indica la composición en porcentajes de haplogrupos. Y al final comento en español los resultados más destacables del estudio. El texto completo se puede obtener subscribiéndose aquí:
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00194.x?journalCode=ahg
El estudio tiene algo más de una año, pero me parece de interés para celtiberia.net porque no se publican todos los días estudios sobre genética de poblaciones prerromanas de la península ibérica. En primer lugar copio el resumen, en inglés, del estudio. A continuación un fragmento que indica la composición en porcentajes de haplogrupos. Y al final comento en español los resultados más destacables del estudio. El texto completo se puede obtener subscribiéndose aquí:
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1529-8817
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Annals of Human Genetics
Volume 69 Issue 5 Page 535 - September 2005
The Genetics of the Pre-Roman Iberian Peninsula: A mtDNA Study of Ancient Iberians
M. L. Sampietro, D. Caramelli, O. Lao, F. Calafell, D. Comas, M. Lari, B. Agustí, J. Bertranpetit and C. Lalueza-Fox.
Summary
The Iberians developed a surprisingly sophisticated culture in the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula from the 6th century BC until their conquest by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. They spoke and wrote a non-Indo-European language that still cannot be understood; their origins and relationships with other non-Indo-European peoples, like the Etruscans, are unclear, since their funerary practices were based on the cremation of bodies, and therefore anthropology has been unable to approach the study of this people. We have retrieved mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a few of the scarce skeletal remains that have been preserved, some of them belonging to ritualistically executed individuals. The most stringent authentication criteria proposed for ancient DNA, such as independent replication, amino-acid analysis, quantitation of template molecules, multiple extractions and cloning of PCR products, have been followed to obtain reliable sequences from the mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), as well as some haplogroup diagnostic SNPs. Phylogeographic analyses show that the haplogroup composition of the ancient Iberians was very similar to that found in modern Iberian Peninsula populations, suggesting a long-term genetic continuity since pre-Roman times. Nonetheless, there is less genetic diversity in the ancient Iberians than is found among modern populations, a fact that could reflect the small population size at the origin of the population sampled, and the heterogenic tribal structure of the Iberian society. Moreover, the Iberians were not especially closely related to the Etruscans, which points to considerable genetic heterogeneity in Pre-Roman Western Europe.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00194.x?journalCode=ahg
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The most frequent haplogroup is H (52.9%), followed by U (17.6%), J (11.8%), and pre-HV, K and T at the same frequency (5.9%). No samples were found to correspond to other haplogroups that are widely present in the Iberian peninsula populations (Table 7), such as V, X, I or W. The North African U6 subhaplogroup and Sub-Saharan African L lineages are also absent from the ancient Iberians analyzed so far; therefore, the possible entry of U6 lineages prior to the Muslim conquest in the 8th century A.D., as suggested by some authors, remains unproven. However, it is recognized that the sample size is at present too small to exclude any competing hypothesis about a possible North African genetic contribution to the genesis of the Iberian peninsula populations.
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2005/07/pre-roman-iberian-mtdna.html
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Para el estudio, se extrajo ADN mitocondrial de restos esqueletales de individuos, algunos de ellos ejecutados ritualmente. Los haplogrupos más frecuentes son:
H (52.9%)
U (17.6%)
J (11.8%)
pre-HV (5.9%)
K (5.9%)
T (5.9%)
Se comprueba que la composición en haplogrupos de los antiguos iberos es muy similar a la de las poblaciones peninsulares actuales (si bien se encuentra una menor diversidad genética en los restos antiguos). Con todo, no se han encontrado haplogrupos actualmente ampliamente extendidos por la península ibérica como V, X, I o W.
Los haplogrupos africanos U6 (norteafricano) y L (subsahariano) también están ausentes entre los antiguos iberos, de lo cual se sigue que la llegada de U6 a la península anterior a la conquista musulmana del siglo VIII, como algunos autores sugirieron, sigue sin estar provada.
Con todo, el tamaño de la muestra utilizada es demasiado pequeño para excluir una posible contribución norteafricana en la génesis de los iberos.
Otra conclusión a destacar es que los iberos no estaban especialmente relacionados con los etruscos.
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Comentarios
Pulsa este icono si opinas que la información está fuera de lugar, no tiene rigor o es de nulo interés.
Tu único clic no la borarrá, pero contribuirá a que la sabiduría del grupo pueda funcionar correctamente.
Si te registras como usuario, podrás añadir comentarios a este artículo.
Dingo, lo de subsahariano fue un lapsus.
Subgroup U6a and its derivative U6a1 present the widest geographic distribution, from the Canary Islands in the West, to Syria and Ethiopia in the East, and from the Iberian Peninsula in the North, to Kenya in the South. In contrast, U6b shows a more limited and patched distribution, restricted to western populations. In the Iberian Peninsula, U6b is more frequent in the North whilst U6a is prevalent in the South. In Africa, it has been sporadically found in Morocco and Algeria in the North, and Senegal and Nigeria in the South, pointing to a wider distribution in the past, or to gene flow from a geographic focus which has still not been sampled. Curiously, two Arab Bedouins [22] with the same haplotype (16111 16172 16219 16311 16362), are the only Eastern representatives classified as U6b. It would be very interesting to test the 9438 HaeIII restriction enzyme to confirm this classification.
Furthermore, subgroup U6b1 characterized by mutation 16163, is restricted to the Canarian Archipelago and the Iberian Peninsula. The geographic distribution of the new subgroup U6c, characterized by the basic motif 16169 16172 16189, is even more localized. It has only been found in the Canary Islands and Morocco. It could also be present in Algeria, if the two individuals with haplotype 16172 16189 16234 16311 [9], classified as U* by RFLP analysis [5], belong to this subgroup. Like for U6b, an autochthonous U6c subcluster (characterized by mutation 16129) was also detected in the Canarian Archipelago.
Relationships between areas: Linearized FST values distinguished three significantly differentiated geographical areas: Continental Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands (Table 3). Nucleotide diversities within areas (Table 3) ranged from 3.253 in the Iberian Peninsula to 2.059 in East Africa. At first sight, it is striking that diversities are larger in the Canary Islands and Iberia than in Africa. We think that demographic processes are responsible of this situation. In Africa, the geographic and social isolation of the different Berber groups [23], could have promoted a loss of diversity by genetic drift. On the contrary, the presence in the Canary Islands and Iberia of representatives of all, or nearly all, U6 subclades, some of them not detected nowadays in the Continent, strongly point to the existence of several migratory waves from Africa, possibly at different times, which have increased their variability. This explanation is reinforced when the number of segregating sites (S) are taken into account. This value is larger in West Africa (5.10 ± 1.5) than in the Canaries (2.60 ± 1.0) and the Iberian Peninsula (3.90 ± 1.4), but East Africa presents a lower value (3.2 ± 1.4). The fact that U6b and U6c have a restricted western distribution undoubtedly contributes to this Continental difference. However, the younger U6a1 branch contradicts this general trend. For this subclade, East and West Africa are statistically differentiated (P = 0.016), and the former presents a higher nucleotide diversity (1.55 ± 1.11) than the latter (0.98 ± 0.75). Geographic distributions and diversity values of U6 are congruent with a western origin and radiation for all subclades excepting U6a1 that, most probably, had an eastern origin.
Perdona por tanto rollo. Sólo quiero añadir que también lo han detectado en Gales, por lo que ahora dicen que pudo haber sido llevado hasta allí, igual que al Noroeste de la Península, por los fenicios. Cuando encuentre el artículo, te lo paso. Y voy a indagar un poco más sobre este interesante haplogrupo.
Estoy mirando la pruebas geneticas que por ejemplo Arzallus argumia con aquello que decia somos diferentes hasta en el RH- y somos el pueblo mas antiguo de Europa si tiene bases geneticas solidas o para mi parecer sea llevar hasta el extremo el nacionalismo genetico.
¿Quisiera preguntar tiene una base cientifico genetica?
Según un artículo publicado por la revista francesa "Pour las Sciences", las tres cuartas partes de los europeos descendemos de los vascos.
Un estudio realizado por Peter Foster, profesor de Genética de la Universidad de Cambridge revela que tras reconstruir el árbol genealógico y estudiar aleatoriamente el ADN mitocondrial de 10.000 europeos las tres cuartas partes de la población europea desciende de los vascos.
Foster sostiene que los habitantes de Europa son los descendientes de un asentamiento humano relativamente localizado en la región actual del País Vasco hace unos 20.000 años.
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